In William P Harrison v HMRC [2015] TC04693 the taxpayer made multiple invalid CGT main residence elections: none of the elected properties was ever occupied as a "residence".
Mr Harrison (WPH) owned a farmhouse which he considered to be his main residence. He lived in this property all year round, spending maybe one night a week elsewhere during winter months and two or three nights elsewhere over the summer (May to September).
During the period from 2001 to 2009 he made main residence elections in respect of twelve different properties, some of which were within the same block of flats, and some for periods as short as two or three months.
During the tax year 2009/10 and 2010/11 he sold six of these properties, claiming Private Residence Relief (PRR) in respect of each of them. He later withdrew some of the claims so that only four disposals remained the subject of the enquiry.
- WPH confirmed that he never considered any of the properties to be main residences, rather they were second homes, or second residences.
- At each he kept a change of clothes and cooking utensils, which he described as ‘sufficient stuff to function’.
- He had no television or telephone, kept his computer at the farmhouse and did all of his paperwork there.
HMRC argued that none of the properties in the enquiry were residences:
- He did not reside at any of the properties in question with any degree of permanence or expectation of continuity.
- He did however reside with permanence and continuity at the farmhouse.
- Occupation of a property does not amount to residence, these properties were not residences, and therefore a valid election cannot be made.
The tribunal agreed with HMRC finding that the farmhouse was at all times his only or main residence, with no other property meeting the legal residence test.
The tribunal disagreed with HMRC on the issue of penalties: HMRC had argued that the appellants actions were deliberate, however the tribunal found that they were merely careless and reduced the amounts charged.
Comment:
WPH believed that if he owned and occupied two properties at the same time, he simply needed to make an election to enable both to qualify for PRR, and this case serves as a reminder that this is not true.
Occupation is not the same as residence, if a property is not a residence then an election will not make it so.
Links:
Our practical tax guide to: Capital Gains Tax Private Residence Relief
This guide explains the detailed rules for CGT relief, examines the qualifying conditions for a residence and its grounds, examines the limits of making an election, together with practical examples, case summaries and planning tips and tools.
Case reference: William P Harrison v HMRC [2015] UKFTT TC04693
