Tax Data Card 2027-28

A summary of key tax rates and allowances for 2027-28 and 2026-27.

This is a guide for subscribers.

Income Tax

Income Tax

Personal allowances	2027-28	2026-27
Personal Allowance (PA)	£12,570	£12,570
PA restricted by £1 for every £2 of adjusted net income over	£100,000	£100,000
Transferable tax allowance for married couples and civil partners	£1,260	£1,260
Blind Person's Allowance	£3,370	£3,250
Married Couples' Allowance (at least one born pre-6 April 1935): Maximum (relief given at 10%) Minimum (relief given at 10%) Income limit	£12,110 £4,690 £40,600	£11,700 £4,530 £39,200

Other allowances	2027-28	2026-27
Personal Savings Allowance: Basic rate taxpayers Higher-rate taxpayers Additional rate taxpayers	£1,000 £500 £0	£1,000 £500 £0
Starting rate band for savings Savings starting rate: 0% Reduces by £1 for every £1 of non-savings income > PA	£5,000	£5,000
Dividend Allowance	£500	£500
Rent-a-room Relief amount	£7,500	£7,500
Trading Allowance	£3,000	£1,000
Property Allowance	£1,000	£1,000
Qualifying Care Relief Annual fixed amount Weekly amount (children under 11 years) Weekly amount (children 11 years or older) Weekly amount (adults)	£21,160 £455 £535 £535	£20,440 £435 £515 £515

Income Tax bands and rates*	2027-28	2026-27
Basic rate band: Savings Non-savings Property Dividends Gift Aid and pension contributions can extend basic rate band	£37,700 24% 20% 24% 10.75%	£37,700 20% 20% 20% 10.75%
Higher rate band: Savings Non-savings Property Dividends	£37,701 - £125,140 44% 40% 44% 35.75%	£37,701 - £125,140 40% 40% 40% 35.75%
Additional rate band: Savings Non-savings Property Dividends	£125,140+ 49% 45% 49% 39.35%	£125,140+ 45% 45% 45% 39.35%
Rates applicable to trusts (accumulated and discretionary income): Savings Non-savings Property Dividends Trusts (other) Dividend ordinary rate Default basic rate Property basic rate Savings basic rate	49% 45% 49% 39.35% 10.75% 20% 24% 24%	45% 45% 45% 39.35% 10.75% 20% 20% 20%

Scottish taxpayers	2027-28	2026-27
Starter rate band: Non-dividend, non-savings income	TBC TBC	£0 - £3,967 19%
Basic rate band: Non-dividend, non-savings income	TBC TBC	£3,968 - £ 16,956 20%
Intermediate rate band: Non-dividend, non-savings income	TBC TBC	£16,957 - £31,092 21%
Higher rate band: Non-dividend, non-savings income	TBC TBC	£31,093 - £62,430 42%
Advanced rate band: Non-dividend, non-savings income	TBC TBC	£62,431 - £125,140 45%
Top rate band: Non-dividend, non-savings income	TBC TBC	Over £125,140 48%

Temporary Repatriation Facility	2027-28	2026-27
Rate of designated Foreign Income and Gains (FIG)	15%	12%

Child benefit	2027-28	2026-27
One child (per week)	£28.00	£27.05
Additional children (per week)	£18.55	£17.90
High-Income Child Benefit Charge: 1% for every £200 of income over:	£60,000	£60,000
Child benefit fully repayable if income over	£80,000	£80,000

Guardian's allowance
Per week	£23.75	£22.95

Savings & investments

CGT

IHT

Inheritance Tax (IHT)

Exemptions and nil rates	2027-28	2026-27
Nil Rate Band	£325,000	£325,000
Residence Nil Rate Band Tapered for estates exceeding	£175,000 £2,000,000	£175,000 £2,000,000
Maximum at nil rate, including maximum nil rate band transfers from spouse/civil partner	£1,000,000	£1,000,000
Agricultural Property Relief and Business Property Relief 100% allowance	£2,500,000	£2,500,000

Rates	2027-28	2026-27
Chargeable lifetime transfers	20%	20%
Transfers on, or within seven years of, death	40%	40%
Transfers on death, where 10% or more is left to charity	36%	36%
Taper relief on IHT payable for gifts made within seven years of death 0 - < 3 years 3 - < 4 years 4 - < 5 years 5 - < 6years 6 - < 7 years More than 7 years	0% 20% 40% 60% 80% Exempt	0% 20% 40% 60% 80% Exempt

Exemptions and reliefs	2027-28	2026-27
Gifts to long-term UK resident spouse (or non-long-term UK resident with election)	Unlimited	Unlimited
Gifts to non-long-term UK resident spouse	£325,000	£325,000
Annual exemption (per donor): can be carried forward one year	£3,000	£3,000
Small gifts exemption (per donee)	£250	£250
Wedding gift from parent	£5,000	£5,000
Wedding gift from grandparent	£2,500	£2,500
Wedding gift from others	£1,000	£1,000
Regular Gifts out of income	Unlimited	Unlimited
Gifts to charities	Unlimited	Unlimited
Business Property Relief Controlling interest in listed company Personal assets used by partnership or company you control Interest in a trading business Shares in an unquoted trading company AIM shares	50% relief 50% relief 100% relief* 100% relief* 50% relief *subject to £2.5m 100% allowance, with 50% relief thereafter	50% relief 50% relief 100% relief* 100% relief* 50% relief *subject to £2.5m 100% allowance, with 50% relief thereafter
Agricultural Property Relief (applicable to agricultural value)	100% relief* generally 50% relief in some cases *subject to £2.5m 100% allowance, with 50% relief thereafter	100% relief* generally 50% relief in some cases *subject to £2.5m 100% allowance, with 50% relief thereafter

VAT

Stamp Duties & ATED

Stamp Duties & ATED

Stamp Duty and Stamp Duty Reserve Tax	2027-28	2026-27
Subscription to newly issued shares	0%	0%
Most other stocks and marketable securities with consideration over £1,000 (subject to variation, including for shares newly listed on a UK-regulated market)	0.5%	0.5%

Stamp Duty Land Tax: residential property	2027-28	2026-27
First-time buyers where cost of property less than: £0 - £300,000 £300,001 - £500,000 If the cost is more than £500,000, the standard rates apply.	£500,000 0% 5%	£500,000 0% 5%
Standard rates: £0 - £125,000 £125,001 - £250,000 £250,001 - £925,000 £925,001 - £1,500,000 £1,500,001+	0% 2% 5% 10% 12%	0% 2% 5% 10% 12%
Supplement for second home/buy-to-let and companies Not applicable if consideration less than	5% £40,000	5% £40,000
Higher rate for non-natural person with non-qualifying activity (applies to companies, partnerships with a company partner and collective investment schemes)	17% if > £500,000	17% if > £500,000
Leases (net present value of rent): £0 - £125,000 Over £125,001	0% 1%	0% 1%
Surcharge for non-UK residents (£40,000+)	2%	2%

Stamp Duty Land Tax: non-residential or mixed property	2027-28	2026-27
Standard rates: £0 - £150,000 £150,001 - £250,000 £250,001+	0% 2% 5%	0% 2% 5%
Leases (net present value of rent): £0 - £150,000 £150,001 - £5,000,000 £5,000,000+	0% 1% 2%	0% 1% 2%

Qualifying purchases in Freeport tax sites and Investment Zones are eligible for full relief from SDLT.

Scotland - Land and Buildings Transaction Tax: non-residential or mixed property	2027-28	2026-27
Standard rates: £0 - £150,000 £150,001 - £250,000 £250,001+	TBC TBC TBC	0% 1% 5%

Scotland - Land and Buildings Transaction Tax: residential property	2027-28	2026-27
Standard rates: £0 - £145,000 £145,001 - £250,000 £250,001 - £325,000 £325,001 - £750,000 £750,001+	TBC TBC TBC TBC TBC	0% 2% 5% 10% 12%
First-time buyers	TBC	0% on the first £175,000

Wales - Land Transaction Tax: non-residential or mixed property	2027-28	2026-27
Standard rates: £0 - £225,000 £225,001 - £250,000 £250,001 - £1,000,000 £1,000,001+	TBC TBC TBC TBC	0% 1% 5% 6%

Wales - Land Transaction Tax: residential property	2027-28	2026-27
Standard rates: £0 - £225,000 £225,001 - £400,000 £400,001 - £750,000 £750,001 - £1,500,000 £1,500,001+	TBC TBC TBC TBC TBC	0% 6% 7.5% 10% 12%

Annual Tax on Enveloped Dwellings	2027-28	2026-27
Applies if market value on valuation date exceeds	£500,000	£500,000
Valuation dates	1 April 2022 or the date the property was acquired (if later)
Annual charge if taxable value is £500,001 - £1,000,000	£4,750	£4,600
£1,000,001 - £2,000,000	£9,750	£9,450
£2,000,001 - £5,000,000	£33,300	£32,200
£5,000,001 - £10,000,000	£78,050	£75,450
£10,000,001 - £20,000,000	£156,750	£151,450
£20,000,001 +	£314,050	£303,450

Corporation Tax

Capital Allowances

National Insurance

National Insurance

Class 1 (employers & employees)

Thresholds

	2027-28			2026-27
	Weekly	Monthly	Yearly	Weekly	Monthly	Yearly
Lower Earnings Limit (LEL)	£133	£576	£6,916	£129	£559	£6,708
Primary Threshold (PT)	£242	£1,048	£12,570	£242	£1,048	£12,570
Upper Earnings Limit (UEL)	£967	£4,189	£50,270	£967	£4,189	£50,270
Secondary Threshold (ST)	£96	£417	£5,000	£96	£417	£5,000
Freeport Upper Secondary Threshold	£481	£2,083	£25,000	£481	£2,083	£25,000
Upper Secondary Threshold (under 21)	£967	£4,189	£50,270	£967	£4,189	£50,270
Apprentice (under 25) Upper Secondary Threshold	£967	£4,189	£50,270	£967	£4,189	£50,270
Veterans' Upper Secondary Threshold	£967	£4,189	£50,270	£967	£4,189	£50,270
Investment Zone Upper Secondary Threshold	£481	£2,083	£25,000	£481	£2,083	£25,000

Rates

	2027-28	2026-27
Employees' main rate (PT to UEL)	8%	8%
Employees' lower rate (above UEL)	2%	2%
Employers' rate*	15%	15%
Married women’s reduced rate between PT and UEL	1.85%	1.85%
Married women’s rate above UEL	2%	2%

*No employer's NIC on employees under 21, apprentices under 25, Freeport and Investment Zone employees and veterans in the first year, up to relevant USTs.

Employment Allowance

	2027-28	2026-27
Employment Allowance	£10,500	£10,500

Classes 1A and 1B (employers)

	2027-28	2026-27
Class 1A	15%	15%
Class 1B	15%	15%

Classes 2 and 4 (self-employed)

	2027-28	2026-27
Class 2
Flat rate per week (voluntary)	£3.80	£3.65
Share fishermen per week	£4.45	£4.30
Volunteer development workers per week	£6.65	£6.45
Small Profits Threshold	£7,355	£7,105
Class 4
Lower Profits Limit	£12,570	£12,570
Upper Profits Limit	£50,270	£50,270
Rate: Lower Profits Limit to Upper Profits Limit	6%	6%
Rate: above Upper Profits Limit	2%	2%

Class 3 (voluntary)

	2027-28	2026-27
Flat rate per week	£19.05	£18.40

Individual Savings Accounts (ISAs)	2027-28	2026-27
ISA annual limit (cash and shares combined)	£20,000	£20,000
Lifetime ISA annual limit	£4,000	£4,000
Lifetime ISA withdrawal charge for purchases of properties above the lifetime ISA property cap of £450,000 (before 28 October 2026)	N/A	25%
Lifetime ISA withdrawal charge for purchases of properties above the lifetime ISA property cap of £450,000 (from 29 October 2026)	20%	20%
Lifetime ISA withdrawal charge for other unauthorised withdrawals	25%	25%
Help to buy ISA limit per month (closed to new accounts November 2019)	£200	£200
Junior ISA/Child Trust Fund annual limit	£9,000	£9,000

Venture capital	2027-28	2026-27
Maximum individual investment: Enterprise Investment Scheme (EIS) EIS, where amounts over £1m invested in 'knowledge-intensive' companies Seed EIS (SEIS) Venture Capital Trust (VCT)	£1,000,000 £2,000,000 £200,000 £200,000	£1,000,000 £2,000,000 £200,000 £200,000
Maximum Income Tax reduction: EIS SEIS VCT	30% 50% 20%	30% 50% 20%

Pensions	2027-28	2026-27
Annual Allowance limit	£60,000	£60,000
Tapered Annual Allowance (Annual Allowance reduced by £1 for every £2 excess when an individual has ‘adjusted income’ over this amount, provided the ‘threshold income’ test is met) Threshold income Minimum tapered Annual Allowance	£260,000 £200,000 £10,000	£260,000 £200,000 £10,000
Pensions Tax Allowance: Eligibility threshold below which full PTA applies Threshold at which full PTA is removed Reduces by £1 for every £3 of income > eligiblity threshold	£13,037 £13,319	N/A N/A
Maximum gross tax-relieved contributions with no relevant earnings	£3,600	£3,600
Money Purchase Annual Allowance	£10,000	£10,000
Lump Sum and Death Benefit Allowance	£1,073,100	£1,073,100
Lump Sum Allowance	£268,275	£268,275
Overseas Transfer Allowance	£1,073,100	£1,073,100

Exemptions	2027-28	2026-27
Annual exemption for individuals, estates etc	£3,000	£3,000
Annual exemption for trusts generally	£1,500	£1,500
Chattels max gain 5/3rds x proceeds less exempt amount of:	£6,000	£6,000

Rates	2027-28	2026-27
Individuals: Basic rate Higher rate Basic rate Residential property gains Higher rate residential property gains	18% 24% 18% 24%	18% 24% 18% 24%
Trusts and personal representatives	24%	24%
Companies	See Corporation Tax	See Corporation Tax

Reliefs	2027-28	2026-27
Business Asset Disposal Relief (BADR): lifetime limit BADR: rate of tax on qualifying gains	£500,000 18%	£1,000,000 18%
Founders' Relief: lifetime limit up to Founders' Relief: rate of tax on qualifying gains	£10,000,000 10%	N/A N/A
Investors' Relief: lifetime limit Investors' Relief: rate of tax on qualifying gains	£1,000,000 18%	£1,000,000 18%

Temporary Repatriation Facility	2027-28	2026-27
Rate of designated Foreign Income and Gains (FIG)	15%	12%

	2027-28	2026-27
Registration threshold (taxable turnover, i.e. excl. exempt)	£90,000	£90,000
Deregistration threshold	£88,000	£88,000
Rates: Standard Reduced Zero	20% 5% 0%	20% 5% 0%
Fractions: Standard Reduced	1 / 6 1 / 21	1 / 6 1 / 21
Cash accounting & Annual accounting: Taxable turnover upper limit for joining Taxable turnover exit threshold	£1,350,000 £1,600,000	£1,350,000 £1,600,000
Flat Rate Scheme: Taxable turnover upper limit for joining Anniversary test: leave if total income (incl. exempt) greater than stay if total income in next 12 months will be less than	£150,000 £230,000 £191,500	£150,000 £230,000 £191,500
Flat Rate Scheme Limited Cost Trader (LCT): LCT applies if spend on relevant goods in the quarter is: Less than 2% of your total income (incl. exempt), or Less than £1,000 per year (or £250 per quarter) LCT rate (reduce by 1% first 12 months of registration)	16.5%	16.5%
Partial exemption de-minimis Recover VAT if input VAT attributable to exempt supplies is: on average less than and, as a proportion of total input VAT is no more than	£625 per month 50%	£625 per month 50%

	2027-28	2026-27
Small profits rate (profits < lower limit below)	19%	19%
Main rate (profits > upper limit below)	25%	25%
Marginal relief lower limit Marginal relief upper limit Reduced for short accounting periods and associated companies	£50,000 £250,000	£50,000 £250,000
Marginal relief standard fraction	3/200	3/200
Effective marginal rate	26.5%	26.5%
S.455 tax on loans to participators	35.75%	35.75%

Patent Box and Research and Development (R&D)	2027-28	2026-27
Patent Box effective rate	10%	10%
R&D capital expenditure relief	100%	100%
R&D merged scheme expenditure credit Notional tax rate for loss-making companies	20% 19%	20% 19%
R&D intensive SME deduction rate R&D intensive SME payable credit (Where qualifying R&D expenditure is >30% of total expenditure)	186% 14.5%	186% 14.5%

Other reliefs	2027-28	2026-27
Film Tax Relief	Ceased	25%
Audio-Visual and Video Game Expenditure Credit	34%, 39% or 53%	34%, 39% or 53%
High-end TV Tax Relief	Ceased	25% or 34%
Video games Tax Relief	Ceased	25% or 34%
Animation Tax Relief	Ceased	25% or 39%
Children’s TV Tax Relief	Ceased	25% or 39%
Note: Film Tax Relief will sunset from 1 April 2027. Companies can claim the Audio-Visual Expenditure Credit (AVEC) instead. The Video Games Expenditure Credit has a rate of 34%. Under the AVEC, film and high-end TV have a rate of 34% and children’s TV and animated productions have a rate of 39%. From 1 April 2024, low-budget films are eligible for a rate of 53%. From 1 January 2025, visual effects expenditure on films and high-end TV programmes is eligible for a rate of 39%.
Cultural reliefs
Museums and Galleries Exhibition Tax Relief	40% or 45%	40% or 45%
Theatre Tax Relief	40% or 45%	40% or 45%
Orchestra Tax Relief	45%	45%

National Living Wage (NLW) and National Minimum Wage (NMW) rates	From 1 April 2027	From 1 April 2026
National Living Wage: Age 21+	£13.21	£12.71
National Minimum Wage: Age (years): 18-20 (Also for workers aged 21 years and above, starting a new job with an employer and doing accredited training (a course approved by the UK government to obtain a vocational qualification)) 16-17	£11.27 £8.31	£10.85 £8.00
Apprentices U/19 An apprentice rate for apprentices who are under 19 or, 19 and over their first year of apprenticeship. All other apprentices are entitled to the NMW for their age band.	£8.31	£8.00
Accommodation offset rate: per day	£11.53	£11.10

Income Tax

Savings & investments

CGT

IHT

VAT

Stamp Duties & ATED

Corporation Tax

Capital Allowances

National Insurance

NMW/NLW

Company Car/Van Benefits

Interest

	2027-28	2026-27
Annual Investment Allowance (100%) up to	£1,000,000	£1,000,000
Plant and machinery general pool Writing Down Allowance (WDA)	12%	14%
Special rate WDA (e.g. integral features and certain long-life assets)	6%	6%
Full expensing (main rate assets, companies only)	100%	100%
Full expensing (special rate assets, companies only)	50%	50%
Small pool WDA where balance <£1,000	100%	100%
First Year Allowance for electric charge-points	100%	100%
First Year Allowance for new plant and machinery used in Freeports	100%	100%
First Year Allowance for new plant and machinery used in Investment Zones	100%	100%
First Year Allowance for main rate expenditure	50%	40% (Up to 31 December 2026) 50% (From 1 January 2027)
Structures and Buildings Allowance (SBA)	3%	3%
Enhanced SBA for Freeports	10%	10%
Enhanced SBA for Investment Zones	10%	10%

Capital allowance: cars	2027-28	2026-27
New and unused with CO₂ emissions of 0g/km (First Year Allowance)	100%	100%
New or second-hand with CO₂ emissions of up to 50g/km (WDA)	12%	14%
New or second-hand with CO₂ emissions above 50g/km (WDA)	6%	6%
Include cars used by sole traders or partnerships with private use in a single asset pool

Company Car Benefit	2027-28	2026-27
Cars with CO2 emissions of: 0	5%	4%
1-50 and with electric range of: 130+ 70 - 129 40 - 69 30 -39 < 30	5% 8% 11% 15% 17%	4% 7% 10% 14% 16%
51 - 54	18%	17%
55 - 59	19%	18%
60 - 64	20%	19%
65 - 69	21%	20%
70 - 74	21%	21%
75+	Lower of: - 21% + 1 % for each 5g/km over 75g/km - 37%
Diesel cars: add 4% up to a maximum of 37%.

Car Fuel Benefit	2027-28	2026-27
Fixed amount multiplied by appropriate percentage for car benefit	£30,200	£29,200

Van Benefit	2027-28	2026-27
Zero emission: chargeable amount	Nil	Nil
Other vans: chargeable amount	£4,310	£4,170
Fuel: chargeable amount	£825	£798

	2027-28	2026-27
Actual and average rate (subject to in-year review/change)	3.75%	3.75%

From	Late payment	Repayment
9 January 2026	7.75%	2.75%
27 August 2025	8.00%	3.00%
28 May 2025	8.25%	3.25%
6 April 2025	8.50%	3.50%