What are one-to-many 'nudge' letters? What 'nudge' letters have HMRC recently sent?

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This is a freeview tracker of HMRC's one-to-many letters.

What is a one-to-many letter?

HMRC's one-to-many approach describes the process of issuing a common letter to multiple taxpayers and/or their agents to address an everyday matter.

  • It is an informal approach to encourage wider tax compliance without opening an enquiry in the first instance.
  • One-to-many letters are also known as 'nudge' letters. 

One-to-many letters typically request that the recipient check their tax position in respect of the particular issue in question, before taking action within a given period from the letter (often 30 days). 

What one-to-many letters have recently been issued?

Recent nudge letters issued by HMRC are summarised in the table below.

Subject Date                  Sample letter    

Wealthy taxpayers: 2022-23 tax returns

  • Sent to wealthy taxpayers (those with income >£200,000) who have not submitted a tax return for 2022-23, where HMRC believes a return should have been submitted.
  • Do I have to file a tax return?
October 2025

ICAEW (1)

ICAEW (2)

ICAEW (3)

High-Income Child Benefit Charge

  • Sent to taxpayers under PAYE whose income is over £60,000, and who may be liable for the High-Income Child Benefit Charge (HICBC) for the tax year 2024-25 and/or 2025-26.
  • See High-Income Child Benefit Tax Charge
October 2025 CIOT

Dividend income

  • Sent to taxpayers who HMRC believe may not have declared all of their 2023-24 dividend income from UK companies, on their 2023-24 Self Assessment tax return.
  • See Dividend tax
October 2025 ICAEW

Patent Box

  • Sent to companies that have elected into Patent Box, encouraging them to submit supporting information and calculations for their Patent Box deduction.
  • See Patent Box
September 2025 ICAEW 

Mini umbrella companies

September 2025 None

Facilities management services

September 2025 ICAEW

Capital Gains Tax (CGT) 60-day reporting requirement

  • Sent to taxpayers for whom HMRC believe a 60-day CGT return is required on the disposal of UK residential property. The letters will be sent before the 60-day deadline has elapsed. 
  • See At a glance: Reporting CGT when & how?
September 2025 ICAEW

Temporary non-residents

  • Sent to individuals who reported being non-UK resident in at least one tax year since 2018-19, met the conditions to be classed as a temporary non-resident, received income or disposed of assets before or during their period of temporary non-residency, and did not declare any or all of their income or gains on their tax return for the first year they became UK resident again.
  • See Non-resident Tax Toolkit
August 2025  ICAEW 

In-year Capital Gains Tax (CGT) rate changes

  • Sent to individuals who reported disposals on or after 30 October 2024, in 2024-25, where either the return's CGT adjustment (in respect of the rate change) appears incorrect, or where the return does not include an adjustment and it appears that an incorrect rate of CGT has been used. 
  • See CGT: How to calculate a capital gain or loss
July 2025

ICAEW (1)

ICAEW (2)

Corporation Tax marginal relief

July 2025

CIOT (1)

CIOT (2)

Loan relationships and the unallowable purpose rule

  • Sent to companies with open enquiries relating to the loan relationships unallowable purpose rule, to consider the impact of recent court decisions. 
  • See Loan relationships: Start here
July 2025 ICAEW

Written off or released directors' loans

June 2025  None 

Persons with Significant Control (PSC)

  • Sent to individuals recorded as a company PSC on Companies House, making sure their tax returns are complete and correct:
    • Letter 1 asks the PSC to consider whether they should have submitted a 2023-24 tax return.
    • Letter 2 asks the PSC to consider whether there are any errors on their 2023-24 tax return that need correction and asks the PSC to check that their 2024-25 return includes all sources of income and gains. 
  • See Register of Persons with Significant Control and Do I need to file a tax return?
June 2025

ICAEW (1)

ICAEW (2)

Loans to directors and employees

  • Sent where a company's financial statements show loans to directors and employees of more than £10,000 each, reminding them of the need to report beneficial loans on forms P11D and P11D(b) by 6 July 2025 for 2024-25.
  • See Loans: Employment-related
May 2025 ICAEW

Investors' Relief (IR)

  • Sent where individuals claimed IR in 2023-24 and either: 
    • HMRC wishes for the taxpayer to check if they met the qualifying conditions, or
    • Insufficient information was given in the tax return to assess whether the qualifying criteria were met.
  • See Investors' Relief
May 2025

ICAEW (1)

ICAEW (2)

R&D tax relief: sale of goods online or by mail order

  • Sent to companies selling goods by mail order or on the internet, warning them that those sectors are being targeted by agents and other third parties to make Research & Development (R&D) claims which may be invalid. 
  • See R&D & Patent Box
May 2025 ICAEW

Late tax returns

  • Sent to high net worth individuals who have received a notice to file, but have not submitted a tax return, for: 
    • 2022-23, but have submitted returns for 2021-22 and 2023-24.
    • 2021-22 and 2022-23, but have submitted a return for 2023-24.
May 2025 None

Security workers: PAYE and NICs

  • Sent to private security businesses and others providing security services, highlighting supply chain fraud whereby the tax and National Insurance deducted from workers’ pay is kept by criminals.
April 2025 ICAEW

Electronic sales suppression

  • Sent where HMRC hold information that shows a taxpayer owes tax on undeclared sales owing to misuse of a till system (electronic sales suppression). Described as a 'final opportunity' to make a disclosure to HMRC. 
  • See Penalties: Electronic Sales Suppression
March 2025 ICAEW

Online marketplace sales

  • Sent where HMRC hold information that shows a taxpayer has earned income from online marketplace sales up to the tax year ending 5 April 2023, but not declared it.
  • See Online sellers: Tax
February 2025 CIOT

Annual Tax on Enveloped Dwellings (ATED)

  • Sent where companies own one or more UK residential property valued at more than £500,000, declared no profits in their Corporation Tax returns from 2017 to 2020, and either filed: 
    • No ATED returns, or 
    • ATED relief returns claiming qualifying property rental business relief.
  • See Annual Tax on Enveloped Dwellings (ATED)
January 2025  ICAEW

Charities and non-business income

January 2025  CIOT

Estate agents and Anti-Money Laundering (AML) supervision

  • Sent as a reminder that where businesses are carrying out work defined in the Estate Agency Act 1979 they must register with HMRC for AML supervision. 
January 2025 ICAEW

PAYE Settlement Agreements (PSAs) 2022-23

  • Sent where a PSA was agreed for the 2022-23 tax year but no PSA calculations were subsequently received by HMRC.
  • See PAYE Settlement Agreements
January 2025 ICAEW

Delivery drivers

  • Sent where HMRC hold information that suggests the recipient was contracted to carry out deliveries between April 2023 and April 2024, was not paid through Pay As You Earn (PAYE) and does not have a live Self-Assessment record. 
  • See Badges of Trade: Are you trading or not?
January 2025 CIOT

Investors' Relief (IR)

  • Sent where individuals claimed IR in 2023-24 and either: 
    • HMRC do not believe the taxpayer qualified for the relief, or
    • Insufficient information was given in the tax return to assess whether the qualifying criteria were met.
  • See Investors' Relief
December 2024 CIOT

Business Asset Disposal Relief (BADR) lifetime limit

December 2024 CIOT

Foreign tax credit relief

  • Sent where taxpayers claimed foreign tax credit relief against employment income in 2022-23, highlighting the criteria for relief, particularly around employment and US taxes.
  • See Foreign income and residency pages: FAQs
December 2024  CIOT 

Property landlords

November 2024 CIOT 

Provisional 2022-23 tax returns

October 2024 

CIOT

Gas Safe engineers

October 2024  CIOT

Remittance Basis Charge

September 2024  CIOT 

Corporation Tax loss discrepancies 

September 2024   CIOT

Economic Crime Levy (ECL)

  • Sent where HMRC believe entities should have registered and paid the ECL but have failed to do so.
September 2024   CIOT

Useful guides on this topic

Penalties: Failure to Notify
What tax penalties apply if you fail to notify HMRC that you are chargeable to tax? Can they be appealed or reduced?

Discovery Assessments
When can HMRC issue an assessment outside of the normal statutory time limits? What conditions must be met? Can HMRC issue two alternative assessments for the same period? What are your rights of appeal and defences?

Client Briefing: How to avoid penalties for carelessness?
Client briefing: how do you avoid penalties for carelessness when preparing your tax return?